Starlight and Time with Dr. Russell Humphreys

Starlight and Time with Dr. Russell Humphreys

Above is a link to a video on Dr Russell Humphreys' white hole cosmology deals is a scientifically sound solution to the distant star light problem of Creation Science based on the physics of Einstein's relativity.

Video on Science and Politics

Video on Science and Politics

This is a video about science and politics.

A demonstration of Alkali metals in water.

The above video shows how the various alkali metals react with water. This includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. The results are explosive though not excessively so. One thing that is interesting is that is shows how quickly they react with air as well developing a protective film in seconds.

Alka-Seltzer and water in zeroG

Here is an interesting little side experiment from the International Space Station where and Alka-Seltzer tablet is put in to a sphere of water in zeroG. The results are actually some what surprising. The bubbles collect in the water sphere even coalescing into untimely two big ones.

Principal of Order from Disorder

Order and Disorder

Statistical Entropy

The application of probability theory to the thermodynamic principle of entropy is called Statistical Entropy. It has shown that entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder in a system. The mathematical relationship is as follows.

1. The number of equivalent microstates (number of possible ways a given condition to occur) is denoted as W.
2. Entropy is denoted as S
3. k is the Boltzmann Constant = 1.38 X 10^-23 JL^-1

S = k ln W

The larger W is the more disordered the system and the larger a system’s entropy.

The smaller W is the more ordered the system is the more disordered it is and the smaller a system’s entropy.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics indicates that entropy tends to increase and because entropy is related to disorder, it also indicates that a system’s degree of disorder tends to increase. The only way to decrease a system’s entropy and increase its order is for work to be performed on the system. Now the Second Law of thermodynamics shows that energy applied a system can reduce its entropy but it does not show how the manner in which energy is applied affects entropy that is it does not show the deference between construction work and a bomb. Getting order from disorder requires an additional principle, a principle that relates entropy and energy.

Order from Disorder

This additional principle is based on the relationship between the degree of order or disorder with which energy is applied to a system and the degree of order or disorder that it produces in that system.

The result is that energy applied to a system in a manner more ordered than that system’s degree of order increases the system’s order and decreases its entropy. On the other hand energy applied to a system in a manner more disordered than that system’s degree of disorder increases the system’s disorder and increases its entropy. The mathematical relationship is as follows.

1. .Number of equivalent microstates of the applied energy is W_e .
2. Number of initial equivalent microstates of the system is W_s .
3. The change in entropy is denoted as DS.
4. k is the Boltzmann Constant = 1.38 X 10^-23 JL^-1.

This shows the general direction that applying energy to a system will move the entropy of that system as well as the maximum change in the systems entropy but the actual change in entropy results from the amount of energy actually applied to the system .

Reduced to it simplest form this principle can be described in two statements:

1. The general application of energy to a system in a manner more random than that system will increase the entropy of that system.
2. The general application of energy to a system in a manner less random than that system will decrease the entropy of that system.

This shows the difference between construction work and a bomb because construction work is less random than that of the raw material and so it decreases its entropy. By contrast a bomb explosion is more random than that of the raw material so it decreases its entropy.

Faster Than Light Neutrinos Video

There’s a common mistake that this is a problem for relativity but it is not. Relativity forbids is accelerating up to and past the speed of light but does not for bid particles that naturally travel faster than the speed of light. Such particles have been speculated about for decades under name tachyons.

The only real difficulty is that neutrinos have a small but real rest mass and so should not be traveling faster than the speed of light. In that case the issue is most likely with our understanding of neutrinos and relativity

Quantum Mechanics allows particles to skip part of space instantly and so could be clocked at faster than the speed of light while going sub-light through the space it actually goes through. This is the most likely explanation of this observation given calculations from India.  See Flaw Found in Claim of Faster Than Light Neutrinos